What is the concept of emergence?

Emergence refers to the existence or formation of collective behaviors — what parts of a system do together that they would not do alone. For example, cells that make up a muscle display the emergent property of working together to produce the muscle’s overall structure and movement. …

What are emergent properties give two examples?

In other words, emergent properties are properties of a group of items, whether insects, atoms or buildings, that you would not find in any of the individual items. Examples of emergent properties include cities, the brain, ant colonies and complex chemical systems.

What is weak emergence?

Weak emergence describes new properties arising in systems as a result of the interactions at an elemental level. However, Bedau stipulates that the properties can be determined only by observing or simulating the system, and not by any process of a reductionist analysis.

What is emergence engineering?

It is difficult to engineer a system which creates and makes its own laws. The problem in the engineering of many complex systems is emergence, and the central question of emergence is how you can use simple local rules to generate specific higher levels of organization.

What is Emergentism in psychology?

Emergentism: The doctrine that mental processes possess a character sui generis by virtue of which they are antecedently unpredictable, are creatively rather than mechanically explained, and are radically different from physico-chemical phenomena.

Is viscosity an emergent property?

An emergent property need not be more complicated than the underlying non-emergent properties which generate it. Similar considerations apply to other emergent concepts in continuum mechanics such as viscosity, elasticity, tensile strength, etc.

What are the types of emergence?

Page (2009) describes three types of emergence: “simple”, “weak”, and “strong”. According to Page, simple emergence is generated by the combination of element properties and relationships and occurs in non-complex or “ordered” systems (see Complexity) (2009).

What is strong emergence?

Strong emergence describes the direct causal action of a high-level system upon its components; qualities produced this way are irreducible to the system’s constituent parts. The whole is other than the sum of its parts.

What is weak emergence in philosophy?

Weak emergence is the notion of emergence that is most common in recent scientific discussions of emergence, and is the notion that is typically invoked by proponents of emergence in complex systems theory. In a way, the philosophical morals of strong emergence and weak emergence are diametrically opposed.

Strong emergence is the notion of emergence that is most common in philosophical discussions of emergence, and is the notion invoked by the British emergentists of the 1920s.

When is a high-level phenomenon weakly emergent?

A high-level phenomenon is weakly emergent with respect to a lowlevel domain when the high-level phenomenon arises from the low-level domain, but truths concerning that phenomenon are unexpected given the principles governing the low-level domain.