Why would higher temperatures be used in industrial situations?

Increasing the temperature increases reaction rates because of the disproportionately large increase in the number of high energy collisions. It is only these collisions (possessing at least the activation energy for the reaction) which result in a reaction.

Why are reactions carried out at high temperature?

Generally, the rate of chemical reactions increases with temperature. That is because the increased thermal energy of reactant molecules at higher temperatures increases the frequency with which they can attain or exceed the activation energy of the reaction.

How is the temperature maintained in the Ostwald process?

In ostwald process ammonia gas and air are taken in 1:10 ratio. Temperature is maintained at 800°C I the catalytic chamber, as the reaction is exothermic so the heat evolved maintains the temperature in the catalytic chamber.

Why does temperature decrease in endothermic reaction?

In an endothermic change, temperature is absorbed from surrounding molecules to continue reacting. If these molecules are losing heat, that means their temperature will drop, resulting in a temperature decrease.

Why are the products of an exothermic reaction likely to be warmer than the reactants?

In an exothermic reaction, it takes less energy to break bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds form in the products. Note: ΔH represents the change in energy. As a result, the products are likely to be warmer than the reactants.

Why is it important to develop industrial processes that run at lower temperatures?

It helps to achieve an acceptable yield in an acceptable time. It also allows a lower temperature to be used, which saves energy but also increases the yield of the reaction.

What is high temperature reaction?

In chemistry, temperature is the most important physical parameter to achieve the activation energy needed to perform a reaction. According to the Arrhenius equation, with a 10 °C rise in temperature the reaction rates double. …

What happens at higher temperatures?

Higher temperatures mean that heat waves are likely to happen more often and last longer, too. Heat waves can be dangerous, causing illnesses such as heat cramps and heat stroke, or even death. Warmer temperatures can also lead to a chain reaction of other changes around the world.

Is the Ostwald process reversible?

The process is reversible and exothermic. The change in temperature encourages a forward reaction.

Why a higher ratio of air is required for the Ostwald’s process?

A higher ratio of air is used as it is utilized in all the three steps of reactions as catalytic, oxidation and absorption tower. The reason for using large volume of air is only 21\% or 1/5 volume of air is oxygen.

What is the Ostwald process in chemistry?

The Ostwald process is a chemical process that in two stages, converts ammonia to nitric acid (also known as HNO3). In the process for step 1, ammonia is oxidized to form nitric oxide and also nitrogen dioxide. Then in step 2, the nitrogen dioxide that was formed is absorbed in water.

Is the Ostwald reaction endothermic or exothermic?

This reaction is exothermic as there is a release of energy. However, since the water and oxygen are constantly added to this cycle as reactants, the increasing concentration will create optimal equilibrium conditions. Sometimes when producing nitric acid by the Ostwald process can be dangerous due to unfavourable conditions that may arise.

How is ammonia converted to nitric acid in Ostwald process?

In the Ostwald process ammonia is converted to nitric acid in three stages. In the first stage ammonia is catalytically oxidized by atmospheric oxygen on a Platinum based gauze catalyst to form nitric oxide (NO). This step is strongly exothermic, making it a useful heat source once initiated.

What is the otswald process?

The Otswald Process, patented in 1902, was developed by German chemist Wilhelm Otswald as a chemical process for producing nitric acid. Otswald recieved the Nobel Prize in 1909 for his contributions to the scientific community, including work on catalysts, chemical equilibria, and reaction velocities.