Why is ortho product major in nitration of phenol?

Ortho-nitrophenol is stabilized by intramolecular Hydrogen-bonding between the H-atom of OH group and an oxygen of the nitro-group. Para-nitrophenol lacks such extra stability and hence, is relatively less stable than o-nitrophenol. Hence, the major product is o-nitrophenol.

When phenol is treated with HNO3 h2so4 ortho and para nitro benzene is formed how they are separated from each other *?

Phenols upon treatment with dilute nitric acid undergo nitration at low temperature (298 K) to give a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols. The mixture formed is further separated into ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation on the basis of their volatility.

Why on nitration of phenol with Dil HNO3 ONP is major product?

Nitration of phenol with dilute nitric acid give the mixture of ortho-nitrophenol and para-nitrophenol. But the major product is ortho-nitrophenol(30\%–40\%). Since it is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In which Nitric acid (HNO3) is an electrophile and benzene ring is an nucleophile.

Why ortho is minor product and para is major product?

The reason behind this is the steric hindrance. In the ortho product the groups are present next to each other this causes a hindrance and the group tries to attach at the para position. Hence para product predominates ortho.

Why ortho product is major in nitration of toluene?

Ortho nitrotoluene is a major product while para nitrotoluene is a minor product . Reasons: In case of reactivity: Ortho product is more reactive comparing with para product because electron density is more enriched at ortho position compared to the para position.

Why is the yield for the nitration of phenol low?

Phenols are usually nitrated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids . This latter reaction leads, however, to poor yields of the nitrated derivatives because of the oxidation of the phenols to quinoid products.

When phenol is nitrated by conc HNO3 and H2SO4 the product is?

The reaction of conc.

What is the role of sulphuric acid in the nitration of phenol?

In the protonation of nitric acid by sulfuric acid, the source of the nitronium ion induces the removal of a water molecule and the creation of a nitronium ion. The first step in benzene nitration is to activate HNO3 with sulfuric acid to create a nitronium ion, a stronger electrophile.

How does phenol react with Dil HNO3?

With dilute nitric acid: Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. With concentrated nitric acid: With concentrated nitric acid, more nitro groups substitute around the ring to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (common name: picric acid).

When phenol is treated with dil HNO3 The major product formed will be?

When phenol is treated with dilute nitric acid at room temper ed with dilute nitric acid at room temperature a mixture of o-nitron p-nitrophenol is obtained and o-nitrophenol is major product. OH OH OH NO, +2 [HO – NO2] From dil.

What is nitration of phenols?

Nitration of Phenols. Phenols upon treatment with dilute nitric acid undergo nitration at low temperature (298 K) to give a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols. The mixture formed is further separated into ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation on the basis of their volatility.

What is the function of ortho nitro phenol in EAS reaction?

Phenol is o/p director for the incoming electrophile during EAS reaction. During nitration NO2+ is the electrophile which attacks either at Ortho or para position. Ortho nitro phenol is more stable at room temperature because it involves in intramolecular hydrogen Bonding and it’s boiling point is less.

How to prepare ortho and para nitrophenols from nitric acid?

Phenols upon treatment with dilute nitric acid undergo nitration at low temperature (298 K) to give a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols. The mixture formed is further separated into ortho and para nitrophenols by steam distillation on the basis of their volatility.

Why can’t para nitro phenol be formed at room temperature?

Intra molecular hydrogen Bonding results in stable close chelate complex at room temperature. Para nitro phenol involves in inter molecular hydrogen Bonding which is strong and it’s boiling is high. Thus para nitro phenol can not be formed at room temperature.