What is nitration of nitrobenzene?

Nitration of nitrobenzene is an example of aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction. Nitration is an exothermic reaction. This makes the benzene ring less vulnerable to electrophilic attack. Nitration of benzene containing electron donating groups give ortho- and para- products.

Does nitrobenzene undergo nitration?

Because the benzene acts as a nucleophile in electrophilic aromatic substitution, substituents that make the benzene more electron-rich can accelerate the reaction. Phenol, C6H5OH, undergoes nitration a thousand times faster than benzene does. Nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2, undergoes the reaction millions of times more slowly.

What is nitration explain?

Definition of nitration : the process of adding a nitro group to an organic compound.

What product is expected to be obtained by nitration of nitrobenzene?

1,3-dinitrobenzene.

How is nitrobenzene prepared give equation?

Nitrobenzene is prepared by nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. The nitronium ion is generated by the reaction of nitric acid and an acidic dehydration agent, typically sulfuric acid: HNO3 + H+ ⇌ NO2+ + H2O.

Why is further nitration of nitrobenzene difficult?

It decreases the electron density over benzene ring and hence decreases the nucleophilicity. In other words, it makes benzene ring more electron deficient and hence Nitration of benzene is difficult compared to Nitration of benzene. nitrobenzene,nitro group is attached to the benzene ring.

Why is nitration of nitrobenzene is slow than nitration of toluene?

The sulfuric acid protonates the nitronium centre, and delivers an NO+2 electrophile. And of course the parent nitric acid, has formal charge separation in its Lewis representation… And so toluene should be more reactive towards electrophilic substitution than unsubstituted benzene.

What type of reaction is a nitration?

In technical terms, nitration is actually part of a reaction type known as electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS).

What is nitrobenzene used for?

Most of the nitrobenzene produced in the United States is used to manufacture a chemical called aniline. Nitrobenzene is also used to produce lubricating oils such as those used in motors and machinery. A small amount of nitrobenzene is used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, pesticides, and synthetic rubber.

What is the major product of nitrobenzene?

Nitrobenzene is formed as the major product along with a minor product in the reaction of benzene with a hot mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. The minor product consists of carbon 42.86\%, hydrogen 2.40\%,nitrogen 16.67\%, and oxygen 38.07\%.

What products use benzene?

Tire/Rubber Manufacturing. Benzene is used in the production of tires and rubber.

What are the effects of benzene on the environment?

What effect does benzene have on the environment? In the atmosphere, benzene can react with other chemicals to create smog. This could break down naturally but it might also attach to rain and snow and be carried to the ground to contaminate water and soil.

What is nitration of benzene?

The nitration of benzene. Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group, NO2. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C.