What are the sign conventions for mirrors and lenses?

SIGN CONVENTIONS: For a mirror or lens, the light rays come into the optical device from one side; let’s call this the “IN” side. The light rays leave the mirror or lens on the “OUT” side. For a mirror, the “OUT” side is the same side as the “IN” side; for a lens, it’s the opposite.

What is the sign convention for mirrors?

According to the sign convention, the distances towards the left of the mirror are negative. Since as object is always placed to the left side of a mirror, therefore, the object distance (u) is always negative.

Is Sign Convention same for mirror and lens?

Since, object is always placed in front of the mirror hence the sign of object is taken as negative. Since, the centre of curvature and focus lies behind the convex mirror, so sign of radius of curvature and focal length are taken as + (positive) in the case of convex mirror.

What is the sign convention for lenses?

Sign convention is a set of rules to set signs for image distance, object distance, focal length, etc for mathematical analysis of image formation. According to it: Object is always placed to the left of lens. All distances are measured from the optical centre of the mirror.

Why do we use sign convention in ray optics?

In this sign convention, we calculate the distances from the pole of an optical device. For example, if there is a spherical mirror in the optical system, any distance on the right of the pole is positive, and any distance on the left of the pole is negative.

What is sign convention 10th?

Sign convention. Sign convention. In this convention, the pole (P) of the mirror is taken as the origin. The principal axis of the mirror is taken as the x-axis (X’X) of the coordinate system. (i) The object is always placed to the left of the mirror.

What is sign convention for concave and convex mirror?

Sign Convention for Spherical Mirrors (Concave and Convex Mirrors) Distances are to be measured from the pole (vertex) of the mirror marked by point V in the figure. Distances measured along the direction of the incident ray are positive. The distance measured opposite the direction of the incident ray are negative.

What is sign convention of concave mirror?

Since focus of concave mirror is on the left side (in front of the mirror) , Focal length of concave mirror is negative. Since focus of convex mirror is on the right side (behind the mirror), Focal length of convex mirror is positive. Since object is always in front of the mirror, object distance is always negative.

What are mirrors and lens?

Definition. The mirror is glass with one side silvery backing produces an image by reflection on only one surface. The lens is a transparent substance that produces images by refraction in any surface of the two surfaces. Curvature. It can be plane or curved.

What is the sign of concave lens?

According to the sign convention, a convex lens focal length is positive, whereas a concave lens focal length is negative. The incident light always moves from left to right because the object is always on the lens’s left side.

What is the sign of V in convex mirror?

And for image distance, V in lens it is taken as positive in Convex lens since image is formed on +X side. It is taken as negative in Concave lens since image is formed in -X side of the Cartesian. In Concave mirror V is taken as positive and negative for convex mirror.

What is U and V in lens?

where u is the distance of the object from the lens; v is the distance of the image from the lens and f is the focal length, i.e., the distance of the focus from the lens.

What are the sign conventions for light direction?

Sign conventions 4 • Light travels from left to right • A radius of curvature is positive if the surface is convex towards the left • Longitudinal distances are positive if pointing to the right • Lateral distances are positive if pointing up • Ray angles are positive if the ray direction is obtained by rotating the

What is the sign convention for distance in optics?

There are actually two different sign conventions in optics. Without any convention it’s hard to develop any universal scientific statement (like formula) so let’s make up one here: s – lens to image distance. 1. Cartesian sign convention

What is the best sign convention to use for lens?

But personally for me Classical sign convention is much easier to follow and solve problems. I use following sign convention for lens: i) Distances of real object, real image and real focus (focal length) are positive, if not they are negative. ii) If principal focus is in the denser medium then focal length is positive.

What’s new in Cartesian sign convention?

You may also want to check out these topics given below! New Cartesian Sign Convention is used to avoid confusion in understanding the ray directions. Refer to the diagram for clear visualization. For the measurement of all the distances, the optical center of the lens is considered.