How is picric acid formed from chlorobenzene?

By Dow’s process first convert chlorobenzene to phenol and then simply do nitration (HNO3 + H2SO4) and it will yield picric acid due to the presence of very highly activating OH group.

How is picric acid synthesized?

The synthesis of picric acid is carried out by several methods. Picric acid can be prepared by the direct nitration of phenol in concentrated nitric acid. In this case, the high exothermic effect25 leads to phenol destruction and resinification and formation of by-products. As a result, the yield of picric acid is low.

Which basic chemical reaction is involved in synthesis of picric acid?

Synthesis. The aromatic ring of phenol is activated towards electrophilic substitution reactions, and attempted nitration of phenol, even with dilute nitric acid, results in the formation of high molecular weight tars.

How do you make picric acid from benzene?

The Wolffenstein–Böters reaction is an organic reaction converting benzene to picric acid by a mixture of aqueous nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate. The reaction, which involves simultaneous nitration and oxidation, was first reported by the German chemists Richard Wolffenstein and Oskar Böters in 1906.

Why is picric acid used for burns explain the principle involved?

Picric acid has antiseptic and astringent properties. For medical use it is incorporated in a surface anesthetic ointment or solution and in burn ointments. Picric acid is a much stronger acid than phenol; it decomposes carbonates and may be titrated with bases.

Which is the starting material for the synthesis of benzoic acid?

Benzoic acid is prepared industrially by liquid-phase oxida- tion of toluene in the presence of cobalt catalysts (Dow, Snia Viscosa).

What is name of h2so4?

Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid / IUPAC ID
sulfuric acid, sulfuric also spelled sulphuric (H2SO4), also called oil of vitriol, or hydrogen sulfate, dense, colourless, oily, corrosive liquid; one of the most commercially important of all chemicals.

How is citric acid prepared?

Combine citric acid crystals (sometimes referred to as sour salt) with 1 or 2 pints of distilled boiling water per pound of citric acid to form the citric acid solution. Put the crystals of citric acid in a non-metal bowl and gradually pour the boiling water into the bowl, stirring with a non-metal spoon.

What is the mechanism of Dow process?

In Dow’s process, Phenol is produced from chlorobenzene by fusing it with molten sodium hydroxide at 350oC to convert it to sodium phenoxide which upon acidification gives phenol. The reaction occurs via elimination-addition mechanism that involves a benzyne intermediate.

How is phenol prepared from chlorobenzene by Dows process?

Hint: Chlorobenzene is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form a phenoxide ion. After this, the sodium phenoxide ion is treated with dilute HCl which finally gives phenol. The reaction gives rise to a formation of benzyne intermediate.

How do you make picric acid from chlorobenzene?

Picric acid is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. It is very easy to make it by nitration of phenol. So you are left with the problem of converting chlorobenzene to phenol. Since there are no other functional groups to mess up here, we can use the method of strongly heating the chlorobenzene in conc. NaOH.

How can picric acid be obtained from phenol?

Picric acid is obtained by Nitration of phenol by concentrated HNO3 in presence of Concentrated H2SO4. Thank you asking. How can picric acid be prepared from chlorobenzene?

What happens when chlorobenzene reacts with sodium hydroxide and benzene?

When chlorobenzene is reacted with sodium hydroxide at 623K and 320 atm sodium phenoxide is formed. Finally, sodium phenoxide on acidification makes phenols. Benzenesulphonic acid can be acquired from benzene by reacting it with oleum.

What happens when Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid?

It reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to produce a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, many nitro groups get replaced on the ring to produce 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol which is also known as picric acid. The aqueous mixture of phenol is weakly acidic and changes blue litmus somewhat to red.