Does benzaldehyde undergo nitration faster than benzene?

Acetophenone, benzonitrile, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid all contain electron-withdrawing groups, therefore, in all these compounds the electron density over the phenyl ring is lower than in benzene. Thus, benzene undergoes electrophilic nitration most readily.

Why does phenol react faster than benzene?

In phenol there are 8 p electrons delocalised over 7 atoms. Because of its increased electron density phenol is able to polarise and attract electrophiles more easily than benzene can.

Why is bromination of phenol easier than benzene?

Phenol has an OH group attached whilst benzene has no side groups. The OH is electron donating, the P orbital on the Oxygen overlaps with the delocalised system of the benzene ring, increasing its electron density, making it a stronger nucleophile and more prone to electrophilic attack.

Why phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions more easily than benzene?

Electron donating group increases the electron density at ortho and para position of a benzene ring and so increases the rate of electrophilic substitution reaction. As oxocation is more stable than carbocation so phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution more easily than benzene.

Which of these compound will undergo nitration at a faster rate?

Also, as noted earlier, toluene undergoes nitration about 25 times faster than benzene, but chlorination of toluene is over 500 times faster than that of benzene.

Is phenol more or less reactive than benzene?

Phenol is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reaction.

Is phenol more reactive than benzene?

Why is phenol more easily nitrated than benzene?

Obviously, higher the electron density in the aromatic ring, higher is the rate of electrophilic substitution reaction. Now the presence of OH group in phenol, increases the electron density at ortho and para position by +R effect. Since the electron density is more in phenol than in benzene, therefore, phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene.

Why does phenol undergo easy nitration at O and p positions?

Since, nitration is a type of electrophilic reaction and OH-group is an ortho/para directing group which increases electron density at ortho and para positions and so the phenol undergo an easy nitration at o and p-positions. Why does the nitration of toluene occur faster than benzene?

What is the role of hydroxyl(OH) group in phenol?

Actually, in phenol. the hydroxyl (OH)-group is electron donating group and so, it increases the electron density in the benzene ring and so any electrophilic substitution reaction becomes easier to occur at phenol than the benzene ring.

What is the difference between nitration of benzene and nitrobenzene?

As Benzene have electron cloud above and below the plane and has the tendency to attack at the electrophile so nitration of Benzene occur readily but nitration of nitrobenzene is slow process as the electron density of Benzene decreases due to the presence of electron withdrawing group -NO2 which cause -R and -I effect on the Benzene ring .