What does orthogonal mean in science?

Definitions. In geometry, two Euclidean vectors are orthogonal if they are perpendicular, i.e., they form a right angle. Two vectors, x and y, in an inner product space, V, are orthogonal if their inner product is zero.

What does orthogonal mean in genetics?

We define an orthogonal system as a network of (engineered) components (e.g. proteins, RNAs, DNAs, and small molecules) that interact with each other to achieve a specific function without impeding or being impeded by the native functions of the host cell.

What is orthogonality in synthetic biology?

The term orthogonal or orthogonality in synthetic biology describes the inability of two or more biomolecules, similar in composition and/or function, to interact with one another or affect their respective substrates. By necessity, all biomolecules within a cell should not interact directly with one another.

What is orthogonal behavior?

Broadly, orthogonality is a relationship between two things such that they have minimal effect on each other. The term comes from mathematics, where two vectors are orthogonal if they intersect at right angles.

What is meant by orthogonal polynomials?

In mathematics, an orthogonal polynomial sequence is a family of polynomials such that any two different polynomials in the sequence are orthogonal to each other under some inner product.

What is orthogonal idea?

The definition is “not pertinent to the matter under consideration.” The word orthogonal comes from the Greek orthogōnios,meaning “right-angled.” While this word is used to describe lines that meet at a right angle, it also describes events that are statistically independent or do not affect one another in terms of …

What is orthogonal replication?

An extranuclear replication system, consisting of an orthogonal DNA plasmid–DNA polymerase pair, was developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Orthogonal replication serves as a platform for in vivo continuous evolution and as a system whose replicative properties can be manipulated independently of the host’s.

Is orthogonal to?

Orthogonal means relating to or involving lines that are perpendicular or that form right angles, as in This design incorporates many orthogonal elements. Another word for this is orthographic. When lines are perpendicular, they intersect or meet to form a right angle.

What is orthogonal expression?

Orthogonal Gene Expression: Creating 3 Promoter Libraries Linked to Different Sigma Factors Which Are Orthogonal Between Eachother and Towards the Host.

What does orthogonal thinking mean?

Orthogonal thinking draws from a variety of, and perhaps seemingly unrelated, perspectives to achieve new insights. It is the even momentary blurring of boundaries to see what might emerge.

How do you know if a polynomial is orthogonal?

(c) A polynomial p \= 0 is an orthogonal polynomial if and only if (p,q) = 0 for any polynomial q with deg q < deg p. p(x)q(x)dx. Note that (xn,xm) = 0 if m + n is odd.