Why does sodium cause a doublet line spectrum?

The Sodium Doublet The 3s electron penetrates the 1s shell more and is less effectively shielded than the 3p electron, so the 3s level is lower (more tightly bound). This splitting gives the Zeeman effect for sodium.

What causes spectral lines to appear?

Spectral lines are produced by transitions of electrons within atoms or ions. As the electrons move closer to or farther from the nucleus of an atom (or of an ion), energy in the form of light (or other radiation) is emitted or absorbed.…

Why are there multiple spectral lines?

Though a hydrogen atom has only one electron, it contains a large number of shells, so when this single electron jumps from one shell to another, a photon is emitted, and the energy difference of the shells causes different wavelengths to be released… hence, mono-electronic hydrogen has many spectral lines.

What are the spectral lines of sodium?

The sodium spectrum is dominated by the bright doublet known as the Sodium D- lines at 588.9950 and 589.5924 nanometers. From the energy level diagram it can be seen that these lines are emitted in a transition from the 3p to the 3s levels.

What causes spectral lines to appear to split into doublets or triplets?

The limit for the series corresponds to electron emission, where the electron has so much energy it escapes the atom. . This causes the spectral lines to be doublets, with a constant spacing between the two parts of the double line.

Why it is called sodium D line?

The lines were originally observed as dark features (absorption lines) in the optical spectrum of the Sun. He labeled the lines with letters from A to K. Fraunhofer lines. Page 3. A strong doublet at 589.0 nm and 589.6 nm is observed in the Sodium emission spectrum, identifying the D-lines as due to Sodium in the sun.

What causes the appearance of lines in an emission spectrum quizlet?

What causes lines in an atomic emission spectra? When a sample is heated, electrons are excited up to higher energy levels. They drop down to a lower energy level and releases energy in the form of visible light. Several transitions occur to the same energy level which forms a series of lines.

What causes the emission of radiant energy that produces characteristic spectral lines?

When electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower one, photons are emitted, and an emission line can be seen in the spectrum.

Why do some elements produce more spectral lines than others?

Depending on the number of transitions in each atom and the energy levels in it, photons of different wavelengths and thus different colors are released from each gas. The spectra for each element are unique because each element contains differing numbers of electrons and thus different energy levels.

Which electron transition between the energy levels of hydrogen causes the emission of visible light?

The energy of the photon is the exact energy that is lost by the electron moving to its lower energy level. When the electron changes from n=3 or above to n=2, the photons emitted fall in the Visible Light region of the spectra.

What happens to the sodium atom to produce light?

Light is the result of electrons moving between defined energy levels in an atom, called shells. When something excites an atom, such as a collision with another atom or a chemical electron, an electron may absorb the energy, boosting it up to a higher-level shell.

Why are doublets formed?

A doublet of doublets (dd) occurs when a hydrogen atom is coupled to two non-equivalent hydrogens. An example is the NMR spectrum of methyl acrylate. There are four separate peaks because Hc is coupled to both Ha and Hb , but with different coupling constants for each. The result is a doublet of doublets.

What is the wavelength of sodium D lines in the spectrum?

The sodium spectrum is dominated by the bright doublet known as the Sodium D- lines at 588.9950 and 589.5924 nanometers. From the energy level diagram it can be seen that these lines are emitted in a transition from the 3p to the 3s levels.

What can sodium D-line images tell us?

Sodium D-line images of the comet tail of the planet Mercury. By using a narrow band filter, astronomers can image all sorts of objects for excited Sodium. Sodium D-line images of the comet tail of the planet Mercury.

What was the significance of the splitting of the sodium doublet?

By analysis of the splitting of the sodium doublet, they were able to demonstrate that the charge to mass ratio of the charge responsible for the splitting was the same as Thomson’s electron. This was the first direct demonstration that electrons were involved in the production of the spectral line emissions.

What causes the bright yellow light from a sodium lamp?

The well known bright doublet which is responsible for the bright yellow light from a sodium lamp may be used to demonstrate several of the influences which cause splitting of the emission lines of atomic spectra.